BWSC owns and operates the system for the collection and transport of wastewater and storm drainage in the City of Boston. The system serves approximately 20,500 acres, 70% of the total land area of Boston.
The City is served by two types of wastewater collection systems: separated and combined. A separated sewer system is comprised of sanitary sewers and storm drains. 卫生下水道的设计只用于输送卫生用水, whereas storm drains are designed to transport stormwater flows. A combined system performs the dual function of transporting sanitary flow as well as stormwater runoff in one conduit identified as a combined sewer. 这种类型的系统在老城市很常见. 目前, BWSC’s Engineering Department replaces combined sewers with sanitary sewers and storm drains each year to reduce the amount of combined sewer pipe in the system.
历史
1833 - 1874
In 1833, sanitary waste was allowed into the storm sewer system. Using the storm sewer to drain sanitary waste was the first appearance of a combined sewer system in Boston. The practice proliferated throughout the city and just one year later, the city encouraged adding rainwater from roofs to the system to assist in flushing the sewers of sanitary waste. 这种冲洗不能解决问题. 与水污染有关的健康问题, 比如霍乱, 伤寒, 和痢疾, 开始在波士顿人中增加.
1875 - 1919
月亮岛水塘
In 1875, 为解决公共卫生问题开展了一项研究, which led to the construction of the Boston Main Drainage System (BMDS). The BMDS was the original backbone of Boston's early sewer system. The BMDS was constructed from 1877 to 1884 under the direction of a special committee established by the City. The purpose of the BMDS was to intercept local sewers and carry the sanitary waste and stormwater runoff to an offshore disposal point. 该系统包括:25英里的拦截下水道, 多尔切斯特的小牛牧场泵站, 多切斯特湾隧道, 以及波士顿港月亮岛的排水管. 抽水站和隧道现在都没有使用.
As Boston's population grew and its city limits expanded due to annexation and land reclamation, the drainage works were subsequently enlarged to accommodate this growth.
The BMDS disposed of a substantial portion of the City's waste; however, 波士顿有部分地区在服务区外. To address this, the Metropolitan Sewerage System was formed in 1889. 这在国内尚属首次, the Metropolitan Sewerage District included: the North Metropolitan Sewer District, 查尔斯河谷下水道系统, 以及南大都会下水道区.
1919 - 1985
In 1919, 负责管理复杂的大都会污水区, the Massachusetts Legislature created the Metropolitan District Commission (MDC), 现在是保护和娱乐部. The Boston Main Drainage System, however, continued to be owned by the City. Up to this point, wastewater was merely collected and deposited into Boston Harbor. 由于日益严重的污染, city planners recommended the construction of treatment plants before depositing the wastewater into the harbor.
在回应, the MDC constructed two primary wastewater treatment plants: the Nut Island Wastewater 治疗 Plant in 1952 and the Deer Island Wastewater 治疗 Plant in 1968. The outlet facilities at Calf Pasture and Moon Island were maintained as a backup for the Deer Island Plant during wet weather.
In 1977, ownership and operating responsibility for the sewer system was transferred from the City to the newly formed BWSC. In 1985, Massachusetts legislation was enacted that transferred the possession, 控制, and operation of the MDC Water and Sewerage Divisions to the newly created Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (MWRA).
1985年至今
鹿岛污水处理厂
Once in 控制 of the system, BWSC began system modifications and improvements. In 1988, construction of the New Boston Main Interceptor and the New East Side Interceptor were completed, 取代原来BMDS的部分.
In addition, MWRA was also incorporating improvements to the system. 1997年至2000年, the MWRA upgraded the Deer Island Wastewater 治疗 Plant from primary to secondary treatment, opened the Inter-Island Tunnel connecting Nut Island Wastewater 治疗 Plant to Deer Island, 从而消除了坚果岛的初级排放, 完成了9.5 mile Outfall Tunnel to move discharge from the confined waters of Boston Harbor to the deep waters of Massachusetts Bay.
Today, all wastewater collected by BWSC facilities is conveyed to the 鹿岛污水处理设施 用于二次处理. BWSC's wastewater collection system serves approximately 20,500 acres.
今天
下水道系统
The City is served by two types of wastewater collection systems: separated and combined.
- A separated sewer system is comprised of sanitary sewers and storm drains. 卫生下水道的设计只用于输送卫生用水, whereas storm drains are designed to transport stormwater flows
- A combined system performs the dual function of transporting sanitary flow as well as stormwater runoff in one conduit identified as a combined sewer. 这种类型的系统在老城市很常见
目前, BWSC’s Engineering Department replaces combined sewers with sanitary sewers and storm drains each year to reduce the amount of combined sewer pipe in the system.
基础设施
The BWSC wastewater collection system is comprised of approximately 1,538 linear miles. 该系统包括:710英里的卫生下水道, 670英里的排水沟, 155英里的综合下水道, 还有3英里长的综合下水道溢流管. 现有的下水道由各种材料制成,包括, 但不限于, 石头, 砖, 板岩, 木, 陶土, 混凝土, 球墨铸铁, 还有铸铁. 新的下水道和排水沟是用钢筋混凝土建造的, 聚氯乙烯(PVC)塑料, 或者球墨铸铁. 下水道也有各种各样的形状,包括, 但不限于循环, 矩形, 椭圆形, 蛋, 马蹄, 和u型.
除了污水管道, 该系统还包括:9个泵站, 30,327个集水盆, 267年的利弊, 149年监管机构, 49,746年人孔, 201个潮闸.
The spine of the sewer system consists of two major interceptors: The New Boston Main Interceptor and the New East Side Interceptor. 1988年竣工, 这些截流器满足了波士顿市中心的下水道需求, 伦敦南端, 罗克斯伯里, 多尔切斯特和南波士顿. 它们提供了更高的系统容量, which reduces wet weather combined sewer overflow discharges and eliminates dry weather discharge into Boston Harbor and its tributary waters. Other collection facilities provide sewer services to the remainder of the City.
维护
BWSC has a renewal and replacement program that involves the trenchless rehabilitation or replacement of sewers or storm drains in response to persistent malfunction, 结构恶化, 过多的紧急维修, 以及其他操作和维护问题. BWSC identifies sewer and drain lines that require this work through television inspections, 下水道系统评估, 调查, 以及日常维护活动. All wastewater collected by BWSC facilities is conveyed to the MWRA's Deer Island treatment plant where, 治疗后, 它被释放了。.5英里外的马萨诸塞湾.
治疗
All wastewater collected by the Boston Water and Sewer BWSC facilities is conveyed to the 鹿岛污水处理厂 在波士顿港.